Taller 2: Creación de máquinas virtuales desde la línea de comandos
La teoría para completar este taller se encuentra en el capítulo 3 del curso de virtualización.
Entrega
Parte 1
Entregar el comando usado para crear la VM
virt-install --connect qemu:///system \
--virt-type kvm \
--name linux_adrian_j \
--cdrom ~/isos/debian-11.5.0-amd64-netinst.iso \
--os-variant debian10 \
--disk size=15 \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2
Si no queremos GUI, dejamos este paso de la instalación de la siguiente manera:
Parte 2
Entregar una captura del acceso a la VM con virt-viewer
Parte 3
Entregar la lista de VMs creadas
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------------------------
3 linux_adrian_j running
- prueba2 shut off
- pruebas_pruebas shut off
- t1-virtualizacion_pruebas shut off
Parte 4
Mostrar el volumen creado en el pool default
Mostrar que en
/var/lib/libvirt/imagesse ha creado un qcow2
Parte 5
Mostrar la información de la VM
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system dominfo linux_adrian_j
Id: -
Name: linux_adrian_j
UUID: 29cc9a23-f712-4649-a61f-eea1cb11599e
OS Type: hvm
State: shut off
CPU(s): 2
Max memory: 2097152 KiB
Used memory: 2097152 KiB
Persistent: yes
Autostart: disable
Managed save: no
Security model: apparmor
Security DOI: 0
Mostrar la IP
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system domifaddr linux_adrian_j
Name MAC address Protocol Address
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vnet5 52:54:00:42:b7:c6 ipv4 192.168.122.47/24
Mostrar los discos
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system domblklist linux_adrian_j
Target Source
--------------------------------------------------------
vda /var/lib/libvirt/images/linux_adrian_j.qcow2
sda -
Parte 6
Cambio de nombre
Apago la máquina:
Cambio el nombre:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system domrename linux_adrian_j debian_adrian_j
Domain successfully renamed
Muestro que se ha aplicado:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------------------------
- debian_adrian_j shut off
- prueba2 shut off
- pruebas_pruebas shut off
- t1-virtualizacion_pruebas shut off
Cambio de CPUs
Muestro la cantidad actual:
Edito el XML para que cambie el valor:
Muestro que se ha aplicado:
Cambio de RAM
Muestro la cantidad actual:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system dominfo debian_adrian_j | grep memory
Max memory: 2097152 KiB
Used memory: 2097152 KiB
Edito el XML para que cambie el valor:
Muestro que se ha aplicado:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system dominfo debian_adrian_j | grep memory
Max memory: 1048576 KiB
Used memory: 1048576 KiB
Desarrollo
Ejercicio 1
Crear una VM con características:
- Nombre: linux_adrian_j
- Disco: 15 GB
- RAM: 2 GB
- CPUs: 2
- Sin GUI
virt-install --connect qemu:///system \
--virt-type kvm \
--name linux_adrian_j \
--cdrom ~/isos/debian-11.5.0-amd64-netinst.iso \
--os-variant debian10 \
--disk size=15 \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2
Si no queremos GUI, dejamos este paso de la instalación de la siguiente manera:
Ejercicio 2
Acceder usando virt-viewer
Ejercicio 3
Comprobar la IP, disco y RAM
Ejercicio 4
Listar las máquinas
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------------------------
3 linux_adrian_j running
- prueba2 shut off
- pruebas_pruebas shut off
- t1-virtualizacion_pruebas shut off
Apagar
linux_adrian_j
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system shutdown linux_adrian_j
Domain 'linux_adrian_j' is being shutdown
Volver a encenderla
Reiniciarla
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system reboot linux_adrian_j
Domain 'linux_adrian_j' is being rebooted
Ejercicio 5
Mostrar el XML de
linux_adrian_j
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system dumpxml linux_adrian_j
<domain type='kvm' id='4'>
<name>linux_adrian_j</name>
<uuid>29cc9a23-f712-4649-a61f-eea1cb11599e</uuid>
<metadata>
<libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
<libosinfo:os id="http://debian.org/debian/10"/>
</libosinfo:libosinfo>
</metadata>
<memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
<resource>
<partition>/machine</partition>
</resource>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-5.2'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<vmport state='off'/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='full'>
<model fallback='forbid'>Skylake-Client-IBRS</model>
<vendor>Intel</vendor>
<feature policy='require' name='ss'/>
<feature policy='require' name='vmx'/>
<feature policy='require' name='pdcm'/>
<feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>
<feature policy='require' name='tsc_adjust'/>
<feature policy='require' name='clflushopt'/>
<feature policy='require' name='umip'/>
<feature policy='require' name='stibp'/>
<feature policy='require' name='arch-capabilities'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
<feature policy='require' name='xsaves'/>
<feature policy='require' name='pdpe1gb'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ibpb'/>
<feature policy='require' name='amd-stibp'/>
<feature policy='require' name='amd-ssbd'/>
<feature policy='require' name='skip-l1dfl-vmentry'/>
<feature policy='require' name='pschange-mc-no'/>
<feature policy='disable' name='hle'/>
<feature policy='disable' name='rtm'/>
<feature policy='disable' name='mpx'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/linux_adrian_j.qcow2' index='2'/>
<backingStore/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x04' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu'/>
<target dev='sda' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
<alias name='sata0-0-0'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='qemu-xhci' ports='15'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='sata' index='0'>
<alias name='ide'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pcie-root'>
<alias name='pcie.0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='1' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='1' port='0x10'/>
<alias name='pci.1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='2' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='2' port='0x11'/>
<alias name='pci.2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='3' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='3' port='0x12'/>
<alias name='pci.3'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='4' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='4' port='0x13'/>
<alias name='pci.4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x3'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='5' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='5' port='0x14'/>
<alias name='pci.5'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x4'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='6' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='6' port='0x15'/>
<alias name='pci.6'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x5'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='7' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='7' port='0x16'/>
<alias name='pci.7'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x6'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:42:b7:c6'/>
<source network='default' portid='4abfa2b2-cfc7-4d67-9afa-134f82f939b0' bridge='virbr0'/>
<target dev='vnet3'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<alias name='net0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/1'>
<source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</console>
<channel type='unix'>
<source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-4-linux_adrian_j/org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
<target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0' state='connected'/>
<alias name='channel0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<channel type='spicevmc'>
<target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0' state='disconnected'/>
<alias name='channel1'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='2'/>
</channel>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
<alias name='input0'/>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
</input>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input1'/>
</input>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input2'/>
</input>
<graphics type='spice' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='127.0.0.1'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
<image compression='off'/>
</graphics>
<sound model='ich9'>
<alias name='sound0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1b' function='0x0'/>
</sound>
<video>
<model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<alias name='video0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
<alias name='redir0'/>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
</redirdev>
<redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
<alias name='redir1'/>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/>
</redirdev>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<alias name='balloon0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
<rng model='virtio'>
<backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
<alias name='rng0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x06' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</rng>
</devices>
<seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
<label>libvirt-29cc9a23-f712-4649-a61f-eea1cb11599e</label>
<imagelabel>libvirt-29cc9a23-f712-4649-a61f-eea1cb11599e</imagelabel>
</seclabel>
<seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
<label>+64055:+64055</label>
<imagelabel>+64055:+64055</imagelabel>
</seclabel>
</domain>
Ejercicio 6
6.1
Modificar el nombre de la máquina
linux_adrian_j
Apago la máquina:
Cambio el nombre:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system domrename linux_adrian_j debian_adrian_j
Domain successfully renamed
Muestro que se ha aplicado:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------------------------
- debian_adrian_j shut off
- prueba2 shut off
- pruebas_pruebas shut off
- t1-virtualizacion_pruebas shut off
6.2
Modificar el número de CPUs
Muestro la cantidad actual:
Edito el XML para que cambie el valor:
Muestro que se ha aplicado:
6.3
Modificar la RAM
Muestro la cantidad actual:
atlas@olympus:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system dominfo debian_adrian_j | grep memory
Max memory: 2097152 KiB
Used memory: 2097152 KiB
Edito el XML para que cambie el valor:
Muestro que se ha aplicado: